Bitcoin Cash: no founder, an inherited cap, and two splits in three years
Bitcoin Cash inherited Bitcoin's ledger and 21 million cap at the 2017 fork, then split twice more under implementation teams with no single founder to arbitrate.
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Bitcoin Institute ↔ Roger Ver, Jihan Wu, Amaury Séchet, Craig Wright
Bitcoin Cash inherited Bitcoin's ledger and 21 million cap at the 2017 fork, then split twice more under implementation teams with no single founder to arbitrate.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Craig Wright, Jimmy Nguyen
No block-size limit, one company's reference client, and five 51%-attack reorgs in a single year — Bitcoin SV's design record, measured against the 'original protocol' it set out to restore.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Jackson Palmer, Billy Markus
Dogecoin has no whitepaper, no company, and no cap on its supply — a decade-old test of whether Bitcoin's scarcity is what a market actually pays for.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Charlie Lee
Litecoin copied Bitcoin's code, swapped its proof-of-work and rescaled three figures by four, then its creator divested his entire holding, citing his own influence over the price.
nChain / CoinGeek ↔ Craig Wright
Bitcoin SV (Satoshi Vision) split from Bitcoin Cash on November 15, 2018, and a hash war with the Bitcoin ABC faction followed. The SV chain restored larger blocks and 'original' opcodes.
Mike Belshe suspended the SegWit2x hard fork on the mailing list, about a week before the planned 2 MB activation at block 494784. The New York Agreement collapsed without a chain split.
Bitcoin ABC project ↔ Roger Ver, Jihan Wu, Amaury Séchet
Bitcoin Cash forked from Bitcoin after block 478558; ViaBTC mined its first block (1.9 MB) at 18:12 UTC. The 8 MB chain without SegWit became the first protocol fork to last as a separate network.
Mike Hearn and Gavin Andresen released Bitcoin XT 0.11A, a Bitcoin Core fork implementing BIP 101 — 8 MB blocks doubling every two years. The launch opened the public phase of the block-size war.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Mike Hearn, Gavin Andresen, Wladimir van der Laan, Peter Todd, Gregory Maxwell, Adam Back, Roger Ver, Jihan Wu, Mike Belshe, Vitalik Buterin, Daniel Larimer, Satoshi Nakamoto
Why Bitcoin's 2015-2017 fork wars were fights over what Bitcoin is, not OSS disputes: the authority vacuum after 2011, the money riding on rule choices, and three layers binding code to currency.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Mike Hearn, Gavin Andresen, Roger Ver, Jihan Wu, Amaury Séchet, Mike Belshe, Gregory Maxwell, Pieter Wuille, Wladimir van der Laan
Bitcoin's 2015–2017 block-size war by phase, faction and turning point: Bitcoin XT, the BIP148 UASF, the New York Agreement, Bitcoin Cash and the cancellation of SegWit2x.
French software engineer. Founded Bitcoin ABC, led the 2017 BCH hard fork, defended BCH in the 2018 BSV hash war, led the 2020 split into eCash.
Billy Markus, Jackson Palmer ↔ Billy Markus, Jackson Palmer
Markus and Palmer launched Dogecoin on December 6, 2013, built on Luckycoin (a Litecoin fork) around the 'Doge' meme. Initially a satire of crypto speculation, it grew into a top-10 cryptocurrency.
Gavin Andresen's post-mortem of the March 2013 fork: a block that 0.8 nodes accepted and some pre-0.8 nodes rejected, the Berkeley DB lock limit behind it, and the fixes that followed.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Gavin Andresen, Pieter Wuille, Jeff Garzik, Gregory Maxwell, Luke Dashjr, Marek Palatinus
On March 11, 2013, one large block split Bitcoin: v0.8 nodes accepted it, older nodes rejected it. Developers chose the shorter chain every version accepted, and two pools downgraded to rejoin it.
Charlie Lee launched Litecoin on October 13, 2011 as a Bitcoin-codebase fork with Scrypt PoW, 2.5-minute blocks, and 84 M cap. He framed it as 'silver to Bitcoin's gold'.
Chinese entrepreneur (1986–). Translated Bitcoin whitepaper into Chinese (2011), co-founded Bitmain (2013), backed Bitcoin Cash with hashpower (2017), later founded Matrixport and Bitdeer.
Vincent Durham launched Namecoin on April 18, 2011 — the first altcoin and first fork of the Bitcoin codebase. It implemented the BitDNS proposal as a decentralized name registration system.
Entrepreneur (1979–). Memory Dealers founder, early Bitcoin angel investor, bitcoin.com operator, Bitcoin Cash advocate. Renounced US citizenship 2014; arrested in Spain April 2024.
Bitcoin Institute ↔ Satoshi Nakamoto, Mike Hearn, Gavin Andresen, Amaury Séchet, Craig Wright, Jihan Wu, Mike Belshe, Roger Ver, Vitalik Buterin
Genealogy of every Bitcoin protocol fork that left a separate chain alive (Bitcoin Cash, SV, Gold) and the adjacent cryptocurrencies derived from Bitcoin (Namecoin, Litecoin, Dogecoin).