Finney = Satoshi

Was Adam Back Satoshi? Examining the Hashcash inventor hypothesis

The hypothesis that Adam Back (Hashcash inventor, first Satoshi contact) was Satoshi. Frame: April 2026 NYT stylometric investigation by Carreyrou. Counter: Back's 2024 COPA v Wright sworn testimony.

Jameson Lopp: Hal Finney could not have been Satoshi Nakamoto

Jameson Lopp argues Hal Finney could not have been Satoshi: on April 18, 2009, Finney was running a 10-mile race in Santa Barbara during a window of Satoshi network activity.

Hal Finney (1956–2014) — Cypherpunk, PGP developer, first Bitcoin recipient

Harold Thomas Finney II (1956–2014): Caltech engineer, PGP 2.0 developer, Extropian, cryonics advocate, RPOW creator, first Bitcoin recipient and first person other than Satoshi to run Bitcoin.

Andy Greenberg / Forbes: 'Nakamoto's Neighbor — The Bitcoin Ghostwriter Who Wasn't'

March 25, 2014 Forbes feature by Andy Greenberg visiting Hal and Fran Finney in Temple City, examining the Hal-as-Satoshi geographic theory and publishing the April 18, 2009 race-day alibi photos.

Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto: 10 Geniuses and the Mystery of the Century

Comparison of recurring Satoshi candidates aligned in a seven-dimension profile table. The Individual column links each candidate's hypothesis page; this entry names no leading candidate.

Why hasn't Satoshi been found? An asymmetry analysis of the public record

Reads the asymmetry between public attempts to identify Satoshi, the surviving material trail, and the persistent identification gap. Companion entry to the identity-hypotheses overview.