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Taproot — Bitcoin's most significant protocol upgrade since SegWit. Combines Schnorr (BIP 340) with MAST so complex spending conditions look like simple payments on-chain.
Specifies tapscript — the taproot script-path validation rules: Schnorr signature checks via OP_CHECKSIG/OP_CHECKSIGADD, OP_SUCCESS upgrade opcodes, and a per-input sigops budget.
Defines OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY, a soft-fork opcode that makes a transaction output unspendable until a specified block height or time, enabling escrow and time-locked contracts.
Computer scientist, legal scholar, and cryptographer (1964-) who conceived Bit Gold (1998) and coined the term smart contracts.