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5 entries
Fixes ECDSA signature malleability with two consensus rules: LOW_S, requiring the lower-half S value, and NULLFAIL, requiring failing signatures be empty byte arrays.
New SegWit v0 signature-hash algorithm: commits to the input's spent amount, fixes O(n^2) quadratic hashing, and changes OP_CODESEPARATOR/FindAndDelete handling.
Segregated Witness (SegWit) — Bitcoin's most significant protocol upgrade since creation. Separates signature from transaction data, fixing malleability, enabling Lightning, raising block capacity.
Restricts ECDSA signatures in Bitcoin scripts to strict DER encoding, removing OpenSSL's implicit role in consensus validity and reducing transaction malleability.
Deep-dive into Bitcoin's transaction layer: UTXO lifecycle, transaction structure, Script evaluation, ECDSA and Schnorr signatures, SegWit, and Taproot.