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Nearly eight years after the 2010 pizza trade, Hanyecz buys two pizzas over the Lightning Network, with the delivery driver handing them over only when he shows part of the payment preimage.
Segregated Witness (SegWit) — Bitcoin's most significant protocol upgrade since creation. Separates signature from transaction data, fixing malleability, enabling Lightning, raising block capacity.
Repurposes the transaction sequence number as a consensus-enforced relative lock-time, letting an input stay unspendable for a set number of blocks or time after its output confirms.
How the Bitcoin ecosystem layers above and around the base chain: Lightning payment channels, federated sidechains, L1 envelope extensions, and mining pool architectures.