Phil Karn

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Event December 30, 1996 Added October 3, 2026 Updated October 3, 2026 Article

When code was a munition — PGP, a floppy disk and a hash function against U.S. export rules (1991–2000)

Bitcoin Institute ↔ Phil Zimmermann, Phil Karn, Daniel J. Bernstein, Adam Back, Don Henson

Until December 30, 1996, U.S. rules listed encryption software with weapons. Zimmermann was investigated, Karn sued over a floppy disk, Bernstein won in court, and Back put RSA on a T-shirt.