# Bitcoin Institute

> The Satoshi Nakamoto reference — primary sources, conversations, and editorial readings.

Bitcoin Institute is a bilingual (English/Japanese) reference site that collects and preserves primary-source material on Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, alongside editorial readings of source code, primary records, and Satoshi's documented footprint. Coverage spans the cypherpunks-era predecessors through the post-Satoshi years.

## Contents

The archive contains 3,300+ entries organized by type:

- **Forum Posts** (2,616): BitcoinTalk (2,545), GitHub PRs (64), P2P Foundation (7), including Satoshi's posts and context posts from other participants
- **Correspondence** (336): Private emails between Satoshi and 8 key participants — Adam Back, Dustin Trammell, Gavin Andresen, Hal Finney, Martti Malmi, Mike Hearn, NewLibertyStandard, Wei Dai
- **Articles** (169): Media coverage, research, and post-disappearance historical analysis
- **Mailing List** (65): cryptography mailing list (32), Bitcoin-list (20), P2P Research (7), Cypherpunks (5), Linux Foundation (1)
- **Biographies** (51): Biographical profiles of key participants compiled from public sources
- **Analysis** (49): Editorial readings by Bitcoin Institute — Satoshi-identity hypotheses for the named candidates, the Bitcoin design lineage and cypherpunk independent-arrival, the 2008–2014 activity timeline, the genesis-block and v0.1 source-code analyses, and monetary-policy readings, each labeled as interpretation and individually sourced
- **Design** (12): System-overview and architecture readings of Bitcoin's protocol (e.g. the v0.1 system-design overview)
- **Currencies** (12): Single-currency protocol profiles — supply, consensus, governance, and initial distribution for each of 12 altcoins and stablecoins, read against Bitcoin as the baseline
- **BIPs** (9): Bitcoin Improvement Proposals relevant to Satoshi's design
- **Tweets** (5): Historically significant X / Twitter posts archived verbatim with the original handle
- **Court Documents** (2): COPA v Wright trial materials
- **Whitepapers** (2): Bitcoin whitepaper draft and final version
- **Blog posts** (1): A participant's self-published web writing, reproduced verbatim

## Key Pages

- Home: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/
- All Entries: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/entries/
- Analyses: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/types/analysis/
- Sources: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/sources/
- Citation and fixed-source map: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/cite/
- Participants: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/participants/
- Tags: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/tags/
- Search: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/entries/
- About: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/about/
- Price Chart: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/chart/

## Technical Source Readings

- Satoshi source code analysis: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/entries/analysis/2009-01-09-satoshi-code-analysis/
- Genesis block hardcode analysis: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/entries/analysis/2009-01-03-genesis-block-hardcode-analysis/
- Bitcoin cryptography design: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/entries/design/2009-01-03-bitcoin-cryptography-design/
- Bitcoin transaction design: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/entries/design/2009-01-03-bitcoin-transaction-design/

These technical readings identify the relevant Bitcoin source files and fixed revisions in their citation sections.

Citation guidance and a cross-reading fixed-source map: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/cite/

## Japanese Version

- Home: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/ja/
- All Entries: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/ja/entries/
- Analyses: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/ja/types/analysis/
- Search: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/ja/entries/
- Price Chart: https://bitcoin-institute.pages.dev/ja/chart/

## Key Facts

- Satoshi Nakamoto was active from October 2008 to April 2011
- Satoshi mined an estimated 1.1 million BTC, none of which have ever been moved
- The last known email was to Gavin Andresen on April 26, 2011, transferring the network alert key: "I've moved on to other things and will probably be unavailable." Three days earlier (April 23), Satoshi told Mike Hearn "I've moved on to other things. It's in good hands with Gavin and everyone."
- All primary entries include original source URLs for verification; editorial analyses cite their sources for each claim